Query: NC_015722:852000 Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii IricVA chromosome, complete Lineage: Midichloria mitochondrii; Midichloria; Candidatus Midichloriaceae; Rickettsiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii is a symbiont of the tick Ixodes ricinus. The importance of this organism is two-fold. this symbiont is the only bacterium described that is able of invading the mitochondria of animals. The host Ixodes ricinus is a vector of a number of human diseases.
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General Information: This biovar nodulates legumes in the Tribe Viciae (Vicia, Pisum, Lathyrus, Lens). This strain is a spontaneous streptomycin-resistant mutant of strain 300. Nitrogen-fixing plant symbiont. This organism, like other Rhizobia, establishes a symbiotic relationship with a legume plant, providing nitrogen in exchange for a protected environment. The legume roots secrete flavonoids and isoflavonoids which the bacteria recognize and use to turn on genes involved in root nodulation. Many of the root nodulation genes are involved in synthesis and secretion of a nodule inducing signal, a lipochito-oligosaccharide molecule, which the plant recognizes, triggering nodule formation. The bacterium is endocytosed and exists inside a membrane bound organelle, the symbiosome, and fixes nitrogen for the plant cell while the host cell provides carbon compounds for the bacterium to grow on. The nitrogen fixation is important as it obviates the need for expensive and environmentally damaging fertilizer use.