Query: NC_014121:3776902 Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC 13047 chromosome, complete
Lineage: Enterobacter cloacae; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria
General Information: Enterobacter species are found in natural environments such as water, sewage, soil, and vegetables; some species are found in human and animal species. Enterobacter cloacae is a prevalent nosocomial pathogen as it is highly resistant to disinfectants and antimicrobial agents. E.cloacae subsp. cloacae strain ATCC 13047 was isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid in 1890 and is the type strain. These "ICU bugs" cause significant morbidity and mortality, and infection management is complicated by multiple antibiotic resistance. These bacteria possess inducible beta-lactamases, which are undetectable in vitro but are also responsible for resistance during treatment.
Subject: NC_008380:4532969 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841, complete genome
Lineage: Rhizobium leguminosarum; Rhizobium; Rhizobiaceae; Rhizobiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria
General Information: This biovar nodulates legumes in the Tribe Viciae (Vicia, Pisum, Lathyrus, Lens). This strain is a spontaneous streptomycin-resistant mutant of strain 300. Nitrogen-fixing plant symbiont. This organism, like other Rhizobia, establishes a symbiotic relationship with a legume plant, providing nitrogen in exchange for a protected environment. The legume roots secrete flavonoids and isoflavonoids which the bacteria recognize and use to turn on genes involved in root nodulation. Many of the root nodulation genes are involved in synthesis and secretion of a nodule inducing signal, a lipochito-oligosaccharide molecule, which the plant recognizes, triggering nodule formation. The bacterium is endocytosed and exists inside a membrane bound organelle, the symbiosome, and fixes nitrogen for the plant cell while the host cell provides carbon compounds for the bacterium to grow on. The nitrogen fixation is important as it obviates the need for expensive and environmentally damaging fertilizer use.