Query: NC_012724:829830 Burkholderia glumae BGR1 chromosome 1, complete genome Lineage: Burkholderia glumae; Burkholderia; Burkholderiaceae; Burkholderiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Burkholderia glumae causes seedling rot and panicle blight of rice. Panicle blight is a significant problem in the southern USA during unusually warm growing seasons. Infection of rice with Burkholderia glumae causes sterility, or abortion, of the rice kernels, and may inhibit seed germination. Burkholderia glumae also produces an industrially important extracellular lipase.
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General Information: This organism was first isolated from the soil in Vineland, New Jersey, although it is found worldwide. It is a large obligate aerobe that has one of the highest respiratory rates of any organism. Azotobacter vinelandii also produces a number of unusual nitrogenases which allow it to fix atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, a compound it can then use as a nitrogen source. It protects the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase enzymes through its high respiratory rate, which sequesters the nitrogenase complexes in an anoxic environment. This organism has a number of unusual characteristics. Under extreme environmental conditions, the cell will produce a cyst that is resistant to dessication and is surrounded by two capsular polysaccharide layers. This organism produces two industrially important polysaccharides, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and alginate. PHB is a thermoplastic biopolymer, and alginate is used in the food industry. Alginate is also used by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to infect the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.