Query: NC_012632:1212780 Sulfolobus islandicus M.16.27 chromosome, complete genome Lineage: Sulfolobus islandicus; Sulfolobus; Sulfolobaceae; Sulfolobales; Crenarchaeota; Archaea General Information: This strain was isolated from a hot spring on the Kamchatka Penninsula, in the Russian Far East. Hyperthermophilic acidophilic sulfur-metabolizing archeon. Sulfolobus islandicus is a thermo-acidophilic archeae commonly identified in hot, acidic sulfur springs. This organism can grow both chemoautotrophically, using sulfur or hydrogen sulfide, and heterotrophically. S. islandicus can play host to a number of plasmids and viruses which may be useful in developing tools for genetic analysis. In addition, Sulfolobus islandicus isolates from different areas in Russia, Iceland, and the United States have been shown to be genetically distinct from each other making this organism useful for comparative analysis.
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General Information: This organism causes arthritis in both rats and mice. Strains of Mycoplasma arthritidis can be virulent or avirulent depending, in part, on the presence of the MAV1 bacteriophage. This genus currently comprizes more than 120 obligate parasitic species found in the wide spectrum of hosts, including humans, animals, insects and plants. The primary habitats of human and animal mycoplasmas are mucouse membranes of the respiratory and urogenital tracts, eyes, mammary glands and the joints. Infection that proceeds through attachment of the bacteria to the host cell via specialized surface proteins, adhesins, and subsequent invation, results in prolonged intracellular persistence that may cause lethality. Once detected in association with their eukaryotic host tissue, most of mycoplasmas can be cultivated in the absence of a host if their extremely fastidious growth requirements are met.