Query: NC_012483:483425 Acidobacterium capsulatum ATCC 51196, complete genome Lineage: Acidobacterium capsulatum; Acidobacterium; Acidobacteriaceae; Acidobacteriales; Acidobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Isolated from acidic mine drainage in Yanahara mine, Okayama, Japan. Acidophilic bacterium. This genus comprises a number of species commonly found in water reservoirs, microbial mats, many different soil types, marine and freshwater sediments, as well as in hot-spring mats and sediments, etc. Furthermore, they sometimes form the dominant group in a habitat. These bacteria are involved in the first step of destruction of biologically complex molecules produced by autotrophic (capable of synthesizing their own nutrients) microorganisms. Acidobacterium capsulatum is an aerobic, mesophilic, chemo-organotroph able to use a variety of carbon sources and to grow up to pH 6.0. The species comprises several strains characterized by orange pigmentation, production of menoquinones as their sole quinones, and branched-chain iso fatty acids as their cell envelope components.
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General Information: This strain (NT) was created so that it lacks the lethal toxin. Injection of spores of this organism into mice harboring tumors resulted in an increased immune response and destruction of the tumor tissue in a method known as COBALT (combination bacteriolytic therapy) when the spores along with chemotherapeutic agents or radiation are co-administered. The anaerobic bacteria preferentially target hypoxic cancer tissue and stimulate immune responses to that tissue. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. Some species are capable of producing organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc,), molecular hydrogen and other useful compounds. Clostridium novyi is an anaerobic bacterium found in soil, aquatic sediments, and intestinal tract of both animals and humans. Some types produce lethal toxins.