Query: NC_010531:428000 Polynucleobacter necessarius STIR1, complete genome Lineage: Polynucleobacter necessarius; Polynucleobacter; Burkholderiaceae; Burkholderiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This strain is an obligate intracellular endosymbiont of the cilliate Euplotes aediculatus. This group of organisms is common in freshwater, comprising up to 60% of the bacteria in freshwater habitats. Polynucleobacter species are also known to be endosymbionts of ciliates. These strains live within the cytoplasm and are essential for their host organisms.
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General Information: This strain is a biovar 1 nopaline-producing strain originally isolated from a cherry tree tumor. Strains of Agrobacterium are classified in three biovars based on their utilisation of different carbohydrates and other biochemical tests. The differences between biovars are determined by genes on the single circle of chromosomal DNA. Biovar differences are not particularly relevant to the pathogenicity of A. tumefaciens, except in one respect: biovar 3 is found worldwide as the pathogen of gravevines. This species causes crown gall disease of a wide range of dicotyledonous (broad-leaved) plants, especially members of the rose family such as apple, pear, peach, cherry, almond, raspberry and roses. Because of the way that it infects other organisms, this bacterium has been used as a tool in plant breeding. Any desired genes, such as insecticidal toxin genes or herbicide-resistance genes, can be engineered into the bacterial DNA, and then inserted into the plant genome. This process shortens the conventional plant breeding process, and allows entirely new (non-plant) genes to be engineered into crops.