Query: NC_010364:84900 Halobacterium salinarum R1, complete genome Lineage: Halobacterium salinarum; Halobacterium; Halobacteriaceae; Halobacteriales; Euryarchaeota; Archaea General Information: Chemoheterotrophic obligate extreme halophilic archeon. Halobacterial species are obligately halophilic microorganisms that have adapted to optimal growth under conditions of extremely high salinity 10 times that of sea water. This bacterium (strain R1; DSM 671) is an obligately halophilic archeon and represents the type species for the genus Halobacterium. The first recorded isolation of this organism came from the spoilage of salted fish. It is also commonly found in neutral salt lakes, marine salterns, proteinaceous products heavily salted with crude solar salt and ancient evaporate deposits.
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General Information: Isolated from Lake Gabara in Egypt. Extreme haloalkaliphilic archeon. Natronomonas pharaonis is able to survive at high salt and pH conditions which results in limited nitrogen availability through ammonium. In order to compensate for this, Natronomonas pharaonis has developed three systems to promote nitrogen assimilation: direct uptake of ammonia, uptake of nitrate, and uptake of urea. Another problem with high pH environments is the use of a proton gradient for the generation of ATP, which other alkaliphiles have adapted to by substitution of sodium ions for protons. However, this organism utilizes protons for ATP generation as determined by experimental data.