Query: NC_008526:2489196 Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334, complete genome Lineage: Lactobacillus casei; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillaceae; Lactobacillales; Firmicutes; Bacteria General Information: This strain was isolated from Emmental cheese. Starter culture for milk fermentation and flavor development of cheese. They are commonly found in the oral, vaginal, and intestinal regions of many animals. They are important industrial microbes that contribute to the production of cheese, yogurt, fermented milks, and other products, all stemming from the production of lactic acid, which inhibits the growth of other organisms as well as lowering the pH of the food product. Industrial production requires the use of starter cultures, which are carefully created, cultivated, and maintained, which produce specific end products during fermentation that impart flavor to the final product, as well as contributing important metabolic reactions, such as the breakdown of milk proteins during cheese production. The end product of fermentation, lactic acid, is also being used as a starter molecule for complex organic molecule syntheses. Lactobacillus casei is used as a starter culture during milk fermentation and for the flavor development of certain bacterial-ripened cheeses.
- Sequence; - BLASTN hit (Low score = Light, High score = Dark) - hypothetical protein; - cds: hover for description
General Information: The strain was isolated from a symbiotic association with the gymnosperm cycad Macrozamia sp. It typically grows in freshwater habitats. This genera of cyanobacteria are typically terrestrially-associated and are especially found in limestone or nutrient-poor soils. They are very similar to Anabaena spp. and historically they have been distinguished on the basis of morphological and life cycle characteristics. Nostoc spp. can grow heterotrophically or photoheterotrophically, and form heterocysts for nitrogen fixation. This organism can form nitrogen-fixing symbiotic relationships with plants and fungi such as the bryophyte Anthoceros punctatus. The relationship is relatively simple as compared to the Rhizobial symbiotic relationship. In the presence of the plant, hormogonia (short motile filaments) infect the plant, and then form long heterocyst-containing (nitrogen-fixing differentiated bacterial cells) filaments. The bacterial cell receives carbon sources in exchange for fixed nitrogen.