Query: NC_007406:632436 Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb-255, complete genome Lineage: Nitrobacter winogradskyi; Nitrobacter; Bradyrhizobiaceae; Rhizobiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Nitrite-oxidizing bacterium. Members of this genus are found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats, often in association with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. These organisms oxidize nitrate, generated by the oxidation of ammonia, to nitrate and play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle. The enzyme involved in nitrite oxidation, nitrite oxidoreductase, can also reduce nitrate to nitrite in the absence of oxygen, allowing Nitrobacter sp. to grow anaerobically. Nitrobacter winogradskyi is commonly isolated from soil, fresh and sea water, sewage, and compost. This organism can grow anaerobically using nitrate as the electron acceptor, forming nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide.
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General Information: This organism was isolated from the Dead Sea and will provide information on the proteins necessary for adaptation to a high salt environment. Halophilic archaeon. Halobacterial species are obligately halophilic microorganisms that have adapted to optimal growth under conditions of extremely high salinity 10 times that of sea water. They contain a correspondingly high concentration of salts internally and exhibit a variety of unusual and unique molecular characteristics. Since their discovery, extreme halophiles have been studied extensively by chemists, biochemists, microbiologists, and molecular biologists to define both molecular diversity and universal features of life. A notable list of early research milestones on halophiles includes the discovery of a cell envelope composed of an S-layer glycoprotein, archaeol ether lipids and purple membrane, and metabolic and biosynthetic processes operating at saturating salinities. These early discoveries established the value of investigations directed at extremophiles and set the stage for pioneering phylogenetic studies leading to the three-domain view of life and classification of Halobacterium as a member of the archaeal domain. This organism is also know as "Halobacterium of the Dead Sea". Growth occurs in 1.7-5.1 M NaCl with optimum salt concentration of 3.4-3.9 M NaCl. The cytosol of this organism is a supersaturated salt solution in which proteins are soluble and active. This halophile is chemoorganotrophic and able to use a wide variety of compounds as sole carbon and energy sources.