Query: NC_006300:600516 Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E, complete genome
Lineage: Mannheimia succiniciproducens; Mannheimia; Pasteurellaceae; Pasteurellales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria
General Information: This bacterium was isolated from a bovine rumen. Succinic acid producing bacterium. This bacterium is able to produce a large amount of succinic acid from readily available agricultural byproducts. Succinic acid is an important component in the manufacture of synthetic resins and biodegradable polymers. Mannheimia succiniciproducens can grow on media which includes whey, a byproduct of the cheese industry which is normally discarded, and corn steep liquor (CSL), which is a byproduct of corn starch production. The organism has been able to produce production-level amounts of succinic acid in both batch and continuous cultures in media containing these inexpensive components.
Subject: NC_005126:4333767 Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1, complete genome
Lineage: Photorhabdus luminescens; Photorhabdus; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria
General Information: This strain was isolated on Trinidad and Tobago. It is a symbiont of the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Bioluminescent bacterium. This organism is unusual in that it is symbiotic within one insect, and pathogenic in another, the only organism that is known to exhibit this dual phenotype. Enzymes are then released by the bacteria that result in rapid degradation of the insect body, allowing both bacteria and nematode to feed and reproduce. During this period Photorhabdus luminescens releases bacteriocidal products, including antibiotics and bacteriocins, that prevent infection of the larva by competitive microbes. The result is promotion of Photorhabdus luminescens-nematode interactions that result in continuation of the symbiotic relationship. In order to engage in a symbiotic relationship with the nematode and a pathogenic one with the insect larva, the bacterium encodes specific factors that encourage both. These include a large number of genes that code for secreted toxins and enzymes, as well as genes that encode products for the production of antibiotics and bacteriocins. Secretion of these products occurs by an array of systems including type I, type II, and type III secretion systems. The type III system is closely related to the Yersinia plasmid-encoded type III system. Genes that promote symbiotic relationships are also encoded on genomic islands on the chromosome including some that affect nematode development. Virulence genes appear to be active during exponential growth. Symbiotic genes appear to function during stationary phase (post-exponential) growth. The switch from one state to another is controlled. Photorhabdus luminescens is capable of giving off light, a complex process that requires the products of the lux operon.