Query: NC_005085:4499500 Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, complete genome Lineage: Chromobacterium violaceum; Chromobacterium; Chromobacteriaceae; Neisseriales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 was isolated from freshwater in Malaya. Common tropical soil bacterium. This facultative organism is an abundant environmental bacterium that lives in tropical and subtropical regions in the soil and water. It has exploitable properties including the ability to produce a bactericidal purple pigment, violacein, as well as the ability to produce a bioplastic and to biologically solubilize gold from the environment. It is occasionally pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals or children where it may cause diarrhea, but sometimes causes septicemia and is at times fatal.
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General Information: These cyanobacteria are bluegreen algae that are capable of fixing carbon and nitrogen. They form long filaments and can be found worldwide in various aquatic environments as well as some terrestrial ones. These bacteria can form a variety of differentiated cell types, including spore-like cells (akinetes), small motile filaments (hormongia) and most importantly, heterocysts that are nitrogen-producing cells. The heterocyst produces multiple layers outside of its cell wall, shuts down photosystem II in order to inhibit oxygenic photosynthesis and ramps up metabolism in order to use up the oxygen present. Heterocysts donate fixed nitrogen compounds as amino acids to neighboring cells and in return receive a photosynthetically produced carbon source such as sucrose. These organisms produce toxic blooms in aquatic environments that are harmful or fatal to animals and humans due to the various cyanotoxins they produce. Anabaena variabilis is a filamentous heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen and CO2 using the energy of sunlight via oxygen-evolving plant-type photosynthesis. In addition, this organism has been studied extensively for the production of hydrogen using solar energy.