Query: NC_004463:1520303 Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110, complete genome Lineage: Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens; Bradyrhizobium; Bradyrhizobiaceae; Rhizobiales; Proteobacteria; Bacteria General Information: This strain was isolated from Glycine hispida in 1959 in Florida, USA, and has been widely studied because of its superior symbiotic nitrogen fixation with soybeans as compared to other strains. This strain contains a 681 Kb symbiosis island that contains genes for nitrogen fixation and root nodule formation. The chromosome also contains genes resembling those of type III and IV secretion systems.
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General Information: This strain (also known as HG66) is virulent in a mouse model and has been extensively studied. It was originally isolated by H. Werner in the 1950s in Bonn, Germany, from an unknown human infection. Associated with severe and chronic periodontal disease. This organism is associated with severe and chronic periodontal (tissues surrounding and supporting the tooth) diseases. Progression of the disease is caused by colonization by this organism in an anaerobic environment in host tissues and severe progression results in loss of the tissues supporting the tooth and eventually loss of the tooth itself. The black pigmentation characteristic of this bacterium comes from iron acquisition that does not use the typical siderophore system of other bacteria but accumulates hemin.Peptides appear to be the predominant carbon and energy source of this organism, perhaps in keeping with its ability to destroy host tissue. Oxygen tolerance systems play a part in establishment of the organism in the oral cavity, including a superoxide dismutase. Pathogenic factors include extracellular adhesins that mediate interactions with other bacteria as well as the extracellular matrix, and a host of degradative enzymes that are responsible for tissue degradation and spread of the organism including the gingipains, which are trypsin-like cysteine proteases.