Query: NC_001318:377039 Borrelia burgdorferi B31, complete genome Lineage: Borrelia burgdorferi; Borrelia; Spirochaetaceae; Spirochaetales; Spirochaetes; Bacteria General Information: This organism is the causative agent of Lyme disease, a multisystemic disease that is considered to be the most prevalent tick-born disease in North America and Europe. This organism was isolated from Ixodes scapularis in 1982. The bacterium is a microaerophilic spirochete that contains seven periplasmic flagella per cell end.
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General Information: This genus, like other Rickettsial organisms such as Neorickettsia and Anaplasma, is composed of obligate intracellular pathogens. The latter is composed of two organisms, Rickettsia prowazekii and Rickettsia typhi. The bacteria are transmitted via an insect, usually a tick, to a host organism, in this case humans, where they target endothelial cells and sometimes macrophages. They attach via an adhesin, rickettsial outer membrane protein A, and are internalized where they persist as cytoplasmically free organisms. Transovarial transmission (from mother to offspring) occurs in the invertebrate host. Rickettsia typhi causes murine typhus and is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects both the flea vector and hosts such as human, rat, and mouse. In the flea vector, the bacterium penetrates the gut epithelial barrier and is found in the feces which become infective.