Query: NC_000964:521975 Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, complete genome Lineage: Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus; Bacillaceae; Bacillales; Firmicutes; Bacteria General Information: This strain was derived in 1947 from an X-ray irradiated strain, Marburg. This organism was one of the first bacteria studied, and was named Vibrio subtilis in 1835 and renamed Bacillus subtilis in 1872. It is one of the most well characterized bacterial organisms, and is a model system for cell differentiation and development. This soil bacterium can divide asymmetrically, producing an endospore that is resistant to environmental factors such as heat, acid, and salt, and which can persist in the environment for long periods of time. The endospore is formed at times of nutritional stress, allowing the organism to persist in the environment until conditions become favorable. Prior to the decision to produce the spore the bacterium might become motile, through the production of flagella, and also take up DNA from the environment through the competence system.The sporulation process is complex and involves the coordinated regulation of hundreds of genes in the genome. This initial step results in the coordinated asymmetric cellular division and endospore formation through multiple stages that produces a single spore from the mother cell.
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General Information: Lactobacillus salivarius salivarius strain UCC118 was isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. This organism produces bacteriocins, antibiotic compounds which have inhibitory effects on pathogenic microorganisms. Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius strain UCC118 has been extensively studied for its effectiveness as a probiotic to maintain the balance of the gut microbial flora and stimulate the intestinal immune system. Oral and gastrointestinal tract bacterium. They are commonly found in the oral, vaginal, and intestinal regions of many animals. They are important industrial microbes that contribute to the production of cheese, yogurt, and other products such as fermented milks, all stemming from the production of lactic acid, which inhibits the growth of other organisms as well as lowering the pH of the food product. Industrial production requires the use of starter cultures, which are carefully cultivated, created, and maintained, which produce specific end products during fermentation that impart flavor to the final product, as well as contributing important metabolic reactions, such as the breakdown of milk proteins during cheese production. The end product of fermentation, lactic acid, is also being used as a starter molecule for complex organic molecule syntheses. Lactobacillus salivarius was first isolated as part of a survey of human oral lactobacilli and is commonly found in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals.