Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_017297 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_017297:2143000 Clostridium botulinum F str. 230613 chromosome, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
21440832144364282BLASTP
214509921471832085carbohydrate binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
214750521495922088sigma-54 dependent transcriptional regulatorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
21499542150208255hypothetical proteinBLASTP
21502212150589369endoribonuclease L-PSPQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
215063121519021272sodiumdicarboxylate symporter family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
215194821531171170class I and II aminotransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
215343121547231293hypothetical proteinBLASTP
21553522156059708putative internalinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
215608021582992220hypothetical proteinBLASTP
215850021598041305sensor histidine kinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
21599292160594666DNA-binding response regulatorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
21609082161723816hypothetical proteinBLASTP
21617492162504756ABC transporter permeaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
216275321639521200BLASTP