Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_015425 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_015425:2389400 Clostridium botulinum BKT015925 chromosome, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin. Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium.


StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23894002390011612hypothetical proteinBLASTP
23901792390721543hypothetical protein
23907682391175408hypothetical proteinBLASTP
23913962392112717hypothetical proteinBLASTP
239233023937661437hypothetical proteinBLASTP
23939112394342432hypothetical protein
23943442394796453response regulator LytTR familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23952502395642393hypothetical proteinBLASTP
23958682396281414hypothetical proteinBLASTP
239642823979811554GMP synthase large subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
239807423995281455inosine-5-monophosphate dehydrogenaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23999292400630702PP-loop family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
240069324023241632chaperonin GroELQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
24024242402708285chaperonin Cpn10QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
240310924045931485Fe-hydrogenase large subunit family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
24047722405650879putative 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
240583724072191383glutamate synthaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
24072192408127909oxidoreductase FADNADP-binding domain-containing proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
240833424095001167iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
240975724116521896sensory box sigma-54 dependent transcriptional regulatorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
241179524126438493-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP