Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_015425 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_015425:198315 Clostridium botulinum BKT015925 chromosome, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin. Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1983152004172103anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
200437200931495anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase activating proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
200992201810819hypothetical proteinBLASTP
2018742032831410Xaa-His dipeptidaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2033962046431248major facilitator superfamily proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
204840205409570membrane proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
205526206494969peptidase family T4QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
206731207285555rubrerythrinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
207543208001459transcription regulator ctsRQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
208071208586516hypothetical proteinBLASTP
2086082096421035ATPguanido phosphotransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2096672121082442ATPase AAA-2 domain-containing proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2122722136331362DNA repair protein RadAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2136642147281065hypothetical proteinBLASTP
214765215166402hypothetical proteinBLASTP
2154342165491116PINTRAM domain-containing proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2165702172566872-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2174632188811419cysteinyl-tRNA synthetaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
218990219403414RNase3 domain-containing proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
219428220162735thymidylate synthase flavin-dependentQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
220194220985792TrmH family RNA methyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
220995221504510hypothetical proteinBLASTP
221558222268711RNA polymerase sigma-H factorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
22240922248476tRNA-ThrQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2225912237721182translation elongation factor TuQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
224079224228150hypothetical proteinBLASTP
224268224489222Preprotein translocase secE subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
224553225074522NusG antitermination factorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
22514922557442650S ribosomal protein L11QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
22563022632869950S ribosomal protein L1QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
22651622702851350S ribosomal protein L10QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
22708022744536650S ribosomal protein L7L12QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2277452314403696DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit betaQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2314402349973558DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit betaQuickGO ontologyBLASTP