Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_015425 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_015425:1295261 Clostridium botulinum BKT015925 chromosome, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin. Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium.


StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
129526112962891029general secretion pathway protein EQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
129633412974071074phage integrase family site specific recombinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12975241297988465phage proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12980071298456450putative transcriptional regulatorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12986681298877210hypothetical proteinBLASTP
12988931299675783phage proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
12996871299989303hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13001591300353195hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13003581300639282hypothetical protein
13006911301221531hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13012331301829597recombination function proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13018651302032168hypothetical protein
13020511302887837hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13029401303554615hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13035671303731165hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13037701304192423hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13042471304414168hypothetical protein
13044111304590180hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13046021304883282hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13049091305229321hypothetical protein
13053921305946555hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13059491306713765hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13068191306956138hypothetical protein
13069821307143162hypothetical protein
13071651307593429putative sigma factorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13083471309027681hypothetical protein
13090761309240165hypothetical protein
13092891309750462phage terminase family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
130974313110021260phage terminase large subunit PBSX familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
131101513124691455phage portal protein SPP1 Gp6-like proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
131245613137271272minor head proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13137321313956225hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13140951314709615scaffold proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13147271315563837hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13155941316163570hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13161631316492330phage head-tail adaptorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13164851316925441hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13169351317303369hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13173051317931627hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13179821318359378hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13184881318652165peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase domain-containing proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
131868213212132532phage tail tape measure protein TP901 familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13212161321896681phage-like proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
132189813232051308phage pre-neck appendage-like proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13232221323440219hypothetical protein
132354713252351689phage endopeptidaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13252991325562264hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13256101326428819N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase-like proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
13265651327128564hypothetical proteinBLASTP
13272771327633357hypothetical proteinBLASTP
132785113291431293metallo beta-lactamase superfamily hydrolaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP