Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_012658 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_012658:2295536 Clostridium botulinum Ba4 str. 657 chromosome, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: Clostridium botulinum Ba4 str. 657 was isolated from an infant botulism case in 1976. The strain is a bivalent Ba strain, that simultaneously produces two different toxin types. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.


StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
229553622965851050hypothetical protein
229657822978551278hypothetical proteinBLASTP
22980752298317243TetP domain-containing proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
22986232298745123hypothetical protein
229883923016162778enhancing factorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
230206023039311872cadmium-translocating P-type ATPaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23041132304388276hypothetical proteinBLASTP
23045112304801291microcompartments family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23048752305525651putative propanediol utilization protein PduLQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
230552523071231599acetaldehyde dehydrogenaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23071582307961804microcompartments family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23079822308644663putative ethanolamine utilization protein EutQQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23086892308952264ethanolamine utilization protein EutNcarboxysome structural protein CcmlQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23089492309251303hypothetical proteinBLASTP
23093292310174846ethanolamine utilization protein EutJ family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23101562310884729hypothetical proteinBLASTP
23108912311337447GTP-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23113342311687354putative ethanolamine utilization protein EutSQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23117272312680954glycyl-radical enzyme activating family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
231284423153842541formate acetyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
231543423169271494aldehyde dehydrogenase family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23169652317273309BLASTP
23172972317593297microcompartments family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23176842317818135BLASTP
23178972318163267hypothetical proteinBLASTP
231815023192621113hypothetical proteinBLASTP