Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_012658 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_012658:1052957 Clostridium botulinum Ba4 str. 657 chromosome, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: Clostridium botulinum Ba4 str. 657 was isolated from an infant botulism case in 1976. The strain is a bivalent Ba strain, that simultaneously produces two different toxin types. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.


StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
105295710551162160putative phage infection proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10557411056043303hypothetical proteinBLASTP
10562491057004756hypothetical proteinBLASTP
105725010593792130ATP-dependent DNA helicase RecQQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10594901059921432rubrerythrin family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10601551060700546phosphodiesteraseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10613391061722384response regulatorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
106183710643112475KWG repeat-containing proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10646841064899216hypothetical proteinBLASTP
10649011065722822hypothetical proteinBLASTP
10657221066315594putative anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase activating proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
106632910680021674ATPaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
10680171068787771hypothetical proteinBLASTP
106926910707921524L-lactate permeaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
107082110720951275hypothetical proteinBLASTP