Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_010674 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_010674:828191 Clostridium botulinum B str. Eklund 17B, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: Clostridium botulinum B str. Eklund 17B is a nonproteolytic botulism neurotoxin B strain. This strain was isolated from marine sediments taken off the coast of Washington, USA and was not associated with botulism. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin.Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium. Honey is the most common vehicle for infection in infants. Food poisoning through C. botulinum is the most frequent type of infection caused by this bacterium. The wound botulism that occurs when C. botulinum infects an individual via an open wound is much rarer and is very similar to tetanus disease. There are several types of botulinum toxin known (type A through type F), all of them being neurotoxic polypeptides. The most common and widely distributed are strains and serovars of C. botulinum that produce type A toxin.


StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
8281918293991209flagellar hook-associated protein 3QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
829417829842426flagellar assembly factor FliWQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
829847830062216carbon storage regulatorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
830247830603357flaG family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
830625830921297hypothetical proteinBLASTP
830933831310378flagellar protein FliSQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
8313318334182088flagellar cap protein FliDQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
833422833748327hypothetical proteinBLASTP
833857834036180hypothetical proteinBLASTP
834452835264813flagellinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
8354108373141905glycosyl transferase family 2QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
837525838337813flagellinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
8385018403001800hypothetical proteinBLASTP
840328840675348hypothetical proteinBLASTP
8407468419541209hypothetical proteinBLASTP
842046842993948domain of unknown function familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
842990843655666putative hydrolaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
843699844541843putative O-methyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
844615845397783spore coat polysaccharide biosynthesis protein FQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
8454518472021752sulfatase domain proteinQuickGO ontology