Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_008262 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_008262:654000 Clostridium perfringens SM101, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This is a enterotoxin-producing food poisoning strain. Causative agent of gas gangrene. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. Known opportunistic toxin-producing pathogens in animals and humans. Some species are capable of producing organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc,), molecular hydrogen and other useful compounds. This organism is a causative agent of a wide spectrum of necrotic enterotoxicoses. It also causes such animal diseases as lamb dysentery, ovine enterotoxemia (struck), pulpy kidney disease in lambs and other enterotoxemias in lambs and calves. It is commonly found in the environment (soil, sewage) and in the animal and human gastrointestinal tract as a member of the normal microflora. It is a fast growing (generation time 8-10 min) anaerobic flesh-eater. Active fermentative growth is accompanied by profuse generation of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide. It is also oxygen tolerant which makes it an easy object to work with in laboratories. C. perfringens have been developed and the species became a model organism in clostridial genetic studies. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. All types produce the alpha toxin (phospholipase C). Type A strains that cause gas gangrene produce alpha toxin, theta (hemolysin), kappa (collagenase), mu (hyaluronidase), nu (DNAse) and neuraminidase which are all the enzymatic factors aiding the bacterium in invading and destruction of the host tissues. Type C strains produce alpha toxin, beta toxin and prefringolysin enteritis. In addition to alpha toxin, Type B strains produce beta toxin, types B and D produce the pore forming epsilon toxin and type E strains produce iota toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
654217654669453hypothetical proteinBLASTP
6547196558191101membrane proteins-like protein lmo0908 putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
656116656736621isochorismatase family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
6569946583071314Voltage gated chloride channel familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
658610659533924glutaminaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
659866660588723cation transport ATPase yqgGQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
66589666597075tRNA-GluQuickGO ontology
666620667312693sugar fermentation stimulation proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
667786668325540hydrolase NUDIX familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
6687356700301296diaminopimelate decarboxylaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
670388670654267hypothetical proteinBLASTP
670657671187531signal peptidase IQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
6712126733532142ATP-dependent metalloprotease FtsHQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
6735736756932121helicase putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
676152676988837amino acid ABC transporterQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
677019677690672amino acid ABC transporter permease protein-like protein lin2352QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
677687678409723glutamine transport protein glnQQuickGO ontologyBLASTP