Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_008262 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_008262:2348328 Clostridium perfringens SM101, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This is a enterotoxin-producing food poisoning strain. Causative agent of gas gangrene. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. Known opportunistic toxin-producing pathogens in animals and humans. Some species are capable of producing organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc,), molecular hydrogen and other useful compounds. This organism is a causative agent of a wide spectrum of necrotic enterotoxicoses. It also causes such animal diseases as lamb dysentery, ovine enterotoxemia (struck), pulpy kidney disease in lambs and other enterotoxemias in lambs and calves. It is commonly found in the environment (soil, sewage) and in the animal and human gastrointestinal tract as a member of the normal microflora. It is a fast growing (generation time 8-10 min) anaerobic flesh-eater. Active fermentative growth is accompanied by profuse generation of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide. It is also oxygen tolerant which makes it an easy object to work with in laboratories. C. perfringens have been developed and the species became a model organism in clostridial genetic studies. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. All types produce the alpha toxin (phospholipase C). Type A strains that cause gas gangrene produce alpha toxin, theta (hemolysin), kappa (collagenase), mu (hyaluronidase), nu (DNAse) and neuraminidase which are all the enzymatic factors aiding the bacterium in invading and destruction of the host tissues. Type C strains produce alpha toxin, beta toxin and prefringolysin enteritis. In addition to alpha toxin, Type B strains produce beta toxin, types B and D produce the pore forming epsilon toxin and type E strains produce iota toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23483282349230903exonuclease family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
234948523512391755Protein of unknown function DUF262 familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
235141223531991788mutS domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
235350223550311530PTS system glucose-specific IIBC componentQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23552022356098897ABC transporter substrate-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
235632423590922769hypothetical proteinBLASTP
235908223602211140SerThr protein phosphatase familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23605022360684183small acid-soluble spore protein 1QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2360915236099076tRNA-TrpQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2361019236109476tRNA-TrpQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23613562361976621CBS domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23622762362740465conserved hypothetical protein TIGR00150QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23627342363438705glycoprotease family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23634382363884447ribosomal-protein-alanine acetyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
23639782364574597conserved membrane protein probable transporter YPAAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
236492223670842163transcription accessory proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP