Pre_GI Gene

Some Help

Host: NC_008262 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_008262:227354 Clostridium perfringens SM101, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This is a enterotoxin-producing food poisoning strain. Causative agent of gas gangrene. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. Known opportunistic toxin-producing pathogens in animals and humans. Some species are capable of producing organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc,), molecular hydrogen and other useful compounds. This organism is a causative agent of a wide spectrum of necrotic enterotoxicoses. It also causes such animal diseases as lamb dysentery, ovine enterotoxemia (struck), pulpy kidney disease in lambs and other enterotoxemias in lambs and calves. It is commonly found in the environment (soil, sewage) and in the animal and human gastrointestinal tract as a member of the normal microflora. It is a fast growing (generation time 8-10 min) anaerobic flesh-eater. Active fermentative growth is accompanied by profuse generation of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide. It is also oxygen tolerant which makes it an easy object to work with in laboratories. C. perfringens have been developed and the species became a model organism in clostridial genetic studies. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. All types produce the alpha toxin (phospholipase C). Type A strains that cause gas gangrene produce alpha toxin, theta (hemolysin), kappa (collagenase), mu (hyaluronidase), nu (DNAse) and neuraminidase which are all the enzymatic factors aiding the bacterium in invading and destruction of the host tissues. Type C strains produce alpha toxin, beta toxin and prefringolysin enteritis. In addition to alpha toxin, Type B strains produce beta toxin, types B and D produce the pore forming epsilon toxin and type E strains produce iota toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
227354227545192hypothetical proteinBLASTP
2277702293351566ISCpe5 transposaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2295322303958645-nucleotidase lipoprotein eP4 familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2306182318171200peptidase M23M37 familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
232097232753657hypothetical proteinBLASTP
23817123824676tRNA-PheQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
238759239388630transferase putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
239941240210270hypothetical proteinBLASTP
241743242324582hypothetical proteinBLASTP
2424612448362376sensory box histidine kinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
245815246006192putative site-specific integrase-resolvase degenerateQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
246218246457240transposase putativeQuickGO ontology
246681246953273ISCpe4 transposaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2470742481711098Acyltransferase family putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
248354249235882hypothetical proteinBLASTP
2492642514622199hypothetical proteinBLASTP
251679252494816Mechanosensitive ion channel familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
253101253745645heme oxygenase 2QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2541462553691224nuclease SbcCD D subunit putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2553562588743519exonuclease SbcCQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2592772604731197acetate kinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
260909261730822DnaJ domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
261979262737759transcriptional regulator AraC familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2628832651142232LPXTG-motif cell wall anchor domain proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
265177265824648putative iron transporterQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
265826266389564sortase family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
266403267290888ferrichrome ABC transporter binding protein-like protein lin2288QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
267277268263987ferrichrome ABC transporter permease-like protein lin2287QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
268264269043780ferrichrome ABC transporterQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2690852708121728multidrug resistance protein 1QuickGO ontologyBLASTP