Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_008262 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_008262:1139500 Clostridium perfringens SM101, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This is a enterotoxin-producing food poisoning strain. Causative agent of gas gangrene. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. Known opportunistic toxin-producing pathogens in animals and humans. Some species are capable of producing organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc,), molecular hydrogen and other useful compounds. This organism is a causative agent of a wide spectrum of necrotic enterotoxicoses. It also causes such animal diseases as lamb dysentery, ovine enterotoxemia (struck), pulpy kidney disease in lambs and other enterotoxemias in lambs and calves. It is commonly found in the environment (soil, sewage) and in the animal and human gastrointestinal tract as a member of the normal microflora. It is a fast growing (generation time 8-10 min) anaerobic flesh-eater. Active fermentative growth is accompanied by profuse generation of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide. It is also oxygen tolerant which makes it an easy object to work with in laboratories. C. perfringens have been developed and the species became a model organism in clostridial genetic studies. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. All types produce the alpha toxin (phospholipase C). Type A strains that cause gas gangrene produce alpha toxin, theta (hemolysin), kappa (collagenase), mu (hyaluronidase), nu (DNAse) and neuraminidase which are all the enzymatic factors aiding the bacterium in invading and destruction of the host tissues. Type C strains produce alpha toxin, beta toxin and prefringolysin enteritis. In addition to alpha toxin, Type B strains produce beta toxin, types B and D produce the pore forming epsilon toxin and type E strains produce iota toxin.


StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11397481140374627hypothetical proteinBLASTP
11406141141444831metallo-beta-lactamase family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11416191141795177hypothetical proteinBLASTP
11420231142727705glycerol uptake facilitator proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
114291411441461233sensor histidine kinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11441661144918753DNA-binding response regulatorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
114525611469201665glycerol dehydratase alpha subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11469341147500567glycerol dehydratase beta subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11475201147945426glycerol dehydrase gamma subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
114796211498121851glycerol dehydratase reactivation factor large subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11498051150155351glycerol dehydratase reactivation factor small subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11501741150686513ATPcobIalamin adenosyltransferase putativeQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11507101151138429hypothetical proteinBLASTP
11512321152389115813-propanediol dehydrogenaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
115313011545991470amino acid permease family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11548831155557675hypothetical proteinBLASTP
11558991156411513acetyltransferase GNAT familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11564811157218738hypothetical proteinBLASTP
11573231158141819hypothetical proteinBLASTP
11584951159151657pentapeptide repeat family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
11594081160289882hypothetical protein