Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_004432 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_004432:80780 Mycoplasma penetrans HF-2, complete genome

Host Lineage: Mycoplasma penetrans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasmataceae; Mycoplasmatales; Tenericutes; Bacteria

General Information: This strain has been isolated from the tracheal aspirate of a previously healthy HIV-negative patient with severe respiratory symptoms caused by this infection. Causes urogenital and respiratory disease. This genus currently comprises more than 120 obligate parasitic species found in a wide spectrum of hosts, including humans, animals, insects and plants. The primary habitats of human and animal mycoplasmas are mucous membranes of the respiratory and urogenital tracts, eyes, mammary glands and the joints. Infection that proceeds through attachment of the bacteria to the host cell via specialized surface proteins, adhesins, and subsequent invasion, results in prolonged intracellular persistence that may cause lethality. Once detected in association with their eukaryotic host tissue, most mycoplasmas can be cultivated in the absence of a host if their extremely fastidious growth requirements are met. The latter is one of the major traits that puts them in the separate taxonomic group of microorganisms, class Mollicutes. The cell membrane is rich in protein components (up to two thirds of the membrane mass) that largely consists of highly structurally adaptive lipoproteins employed in invading the host immune system, attachment to the host cells, and pathogenic invasion. Cell division proceeds via normal binary fission or via elongation of a parental cell to form multinucleated filaments and the subsequent breakup to form coccoid bodies.Mycoplasmas carry the smallest genomes of self-replicating cells (less than 500 recognizable coding regions), which is one of the reasons they were among the first microorganisms selected for the genome-sequencing projects. During their evolution, mycoplasmas appear to have lost all of the genes involved in amino acid and cofactor biosynthesis, synthesis of the cell wall and lipid metabolism, resulting in a requirement for the full spectrum of substrates and cofactors taken up from the host or from the complex artificial culture medium. They have lost a number of genes involved in cellular processes, such as cell division, heat shock response, regulatory genes, the two-component signal transduction systems, histidine protein kinases or their target response regulators, and most transcription factors. The majority of mycoplasmas are deficient in genes coding for components of intermediary and energy metabolism and thus are dependent mostly on glycolysis as an ATP-generating pathway. This organism infects humans in the urogenital and respiratory tracts though invasion of tissues. The disease is mainly associated with HIV-1 infection, particularly in the homosexual population, and is very persistent and believed to contribute to the deterioration of the immune system during HIV. Mycoplasma penetrans infection has also been suggested to be a primary cause of some forms of human urethritis and respiratory disease in non-HIV individuals.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
807808261818391-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
8279783687891hypothetical protein
8370284031330hypothetical protein
8405984310252nitrogen fixation proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
84320863442025transketolaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
86502879981497pyruvate kinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
88217923444128DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
92365962313867DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
963319677144150S ribosomal protein L13QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
9678997181393ribosomal protein S9QuickGO ontologyBLASTP
9791998137219hypothetical protein
9829598510216hypothetical protein
9885399674822predicted haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
1000511022282178ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase alpha subunitQuickGO ontologyBLASTP