Pre_GI Gene

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Host: NC_003366 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_003366:2286083 Clostridium perfringens str. 13, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This strain is a type A isolate from the soil. It can establish gas gangrene in a murine experimental model. Causative agent of gas gangrene. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. This organism is a causative agent of a wide spectrum of necrotic enterotoxicoses. It also causes such animal diseases as lamb dysentery, ovine enterotoxemia (struck), pulpy kidney disease in lambs and other enterotoxemias in lambs and calves. It is commonly found in the environment (soil, sewage) and in the animal and human gastrointestinal tract as a member of the normal microflora. It is a fast growing (generation time 8-10 min) anaerobic flesh-eater. Active fermentative growth is accompanied by profuse generation of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide. It is also oxygen tolerant which makes it an easy object to work with in laboratories. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. All types produce the alpha toxin (phospholipase C). Type A strains that cause gas gangrene produce alpha toxin, theta (hemolysin), kappa (collagenase), mu (hyaluronidase), nu (DNAse) and neuraminidase which are all the enzymatic factors aiding the bacterium in invading and destruction of the host tissues. Type C strains produce alpha toxin, beta toxin and prefringolysin enteritis. In addition to alpha toxin, Type B strains produce beta toxin, types B and D produce the pore forming epsilon toxin and type E strains produce iota toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
22860832287000918glutaminaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
22872392287754516hypothetical proteinBLASTP
228783722890721236aminopeptidase IIQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
228928522903341050hypothetical proteinBLASTP
229035122913611011hypothetical proteinBLASTP
22922722292529258hypothetical proteinBLASTP
22926912293380690hypothetical proteinBLASTP
22933982293955558hypothetical proteinBLASTP
22939742294954981probable nucleoside hydrolaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
22954682296256789hypothetical proteinBLASTP
22962562296945690hypothetical proteinBLASTP
22969592297846888hypothetical proteinBLASTP
229808222992031122RNA polymerase sigma factorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
229920923009961788DNA primaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
230116523021931029deoxyguanosinetriphosphate triphosphohydrolase-like proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
230239523034741080probable spore coat proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
230352623061562631pyruvate phosphate dikinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP